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    西安人文之旅-Second day PM 香山龙门石窟

    龙门石窟与香山(白居易晚年居于此,自称香山居士)隔着一条伊水,故该地商朝时原名伊阙。沿着伊河傍着香山,踏着垂柳古道欣赏石窟,赏心悦目。这个景点是整个旅程中最有古韵的景区,真的如置身古代。石窟就是把佛像刻在石洞里,避免风雨侵蚀。信佛有各种方式,建寺庙,修佛像,而皇家信佛为显示其实力就刻巨型佛像,只有皇家才有能力办到,因而龙门石窟的几个主要的巨型佛像都是皇家所造,还有很多小的是达官贵人、商贾富豪所造。第一个代表是唐代造的巨型佛像。从佛像的下巴、颈部可看出唐代的以肥为美,衣服也宽松。佛像一手指天一手指地,说的是佛祖降生时的传说。旁边一个是北魏时期的,以瘦为美,因北魏是游牧民族,佛像的衣服也比较紧身。洞顶的装饰也像蒙古包顶部的装饰。另一代表是万佛像,拇指般大小的小佛像刻满整个洞。还有一个洞是莲花吊顶,据说是世界第一个天花装饰,与人民大会堂顶部的莲花及其相似。还有一个洞外刻着被称东方维纳斯的佛像,据说梅兰芳当时对着佛像欣赏了三小时,深深被其吸引,惊叹于她的美,用作了《洛神》出场时的造型,成功所造了洛神。最后一个是武则天主持修建的龙门石窟中最大型的佛像,也是龙门石窟的标志性佛像。佛像耳朵就有两米高。有说此佛像是以武则天为原型刻的,证据是:1.该像的印度语是日月当空之意,与武则天所创的字(上下结构,上为明下为空)吻合。2.佛像的眉与武则天一样,弯弯柳月眉。另外,佛像本因资金缺乏而停工,是武则天把自己一年的胭脂水粉钱拿来继续修的。现在看到的龙门石窟很多佛像都不是很完整,其一是灭佛运动时被毁的,巨型的佛像毁坏难度大才幸免于难。其二是八国联军来偷的,最传神、最有价值的头像现存放于英法日美等博物馆。其三是自然环境的破坏,这是世界文物保护面临的最严峻的问题。从龙门石窟出来,沿路很多工艺品店,卖唐三彩的,可惜我们导游没时间带我们看,据上一团人说吊坠很漂亮,也不贵。

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